Gianluca Parolin is an expert in comparative constitutional law and Islamic law. He is currently a law professor at the American University in Cairo and Cairo University, where he teaches comparative law, constitutional law and Islamic law reform. His research interests include maqasid al-Shariah [interpretation of Shariah], regional governance and constitutional arrangements, and citizenship in the Arab world. Parolin served as University Research Fellow and earlier as a Post Doctorate Fellow in the Law Department of the University of Torino, Italy, where he was awarded an LL.M with honors in Comparative Public Law and a Ph.D in Public Law.